“Under
the current circumstances, as we are talking about the global pandemic, from
which we have asked God to save us, the kingdom is keen to protect the health
of Muslims and citizens,” Minister of Hajj and Umrah
Though
Hajj has been cancelled several times over the centuries, since the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia's foundation in 1932 it has never missed a year, nor
even during the Spanish flu pandemic of 1917-18 that killed millions of
people worldwide.
865: Massacre on Arafat Mountain
During
his conflict with the Abbasid Caliphate based in Baghdad, Ismail bin Yousef,
known as Al-Safak, launched an attack on the holy Arafat Mountain overlooking
Mecca in 865, massacring pilgrims there. The raid forced Hajj to be cancelled.
930: Qarmatian attack
In
930, Abu Taher al-Janabi, the chief of the Qarmatians heterodox sect based in
Bahrain, launched an attack on Mecca.
Historical
accounts say the Qarmatians killed 30,000 pilgrims in the holy city and dumped
bodies in the sacred Zamzam well. They also looted the Grand Mosque and stole
the Black Stone from its Kaaba, taking it to the island of Bahrain.
Hajj
was then suspended for a decade until the Black Stone was returned to Mecca.
The
Qarmatians were an Ismaili Shia sect who believed in an egalitarian society and
considered pilgrimage a pagan ritual.
983: Abbasid and Fatimid Caliphates
Politics,
too, has disrupted Hajj. In 983 political disputes between the rulers of two
caliphates - the Abbasids of Iraq and Syria and the Fatimids of Egypt -
got in the way of Muslims travelling to Mecca for pilgrimage. It would be eight
years until Hajj was held again, in 991.
1831: Plague
Not
only conflicts and massacres have cancelled Hajj. A plague from India hit Mecca
in 1831 and killed three-quarters of the pilgrims there, who had endured weeks
of travel through dangerous and barren lands to perform Hajj.
1837-1858: Series of epidemics
In
a span of almost two decades, Hajj was halted three times, leaving pilgrims
unable to head to Mecca for a total of seven years.
In
1837, another plague hit the holy city, putting things on hold until 1840.
Then
in 1846 a bout of cholera hit Mecca, killing more than 15,000 people, and
plagued its inhabitants until 1850. Outbreaks returned in 1865 and 1883.
In
1858, another global cholera pandemic arrived in the city, prompting Egyptian
pilgrims to run away en masse to Egypt's Red Sea shores, where they were held
in quarantine.
